The Implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) amongst Small-Scale Arabica Coffee Farmers in Indonesia: A Systematic Analysis of the Impact on Productivity and Rural Socio-Economic Development

Analisis Sistematis Dampak terhadap Produktivitas dan Pembangunan Sosio - Ekonomi Pedesaan

Abstract

This study analyses the impact of the implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) on the productivity and socio-economic development of small-scale Arabica coffee farmers in Indonesia within the context of sustainable agriculture. The study was conducted through a systematic review and meta-analysis of secondary data sourced from indexed journal articles, reports by international organisations, and government publications. The results indicate that the adoption of GAP contributes significantly to increased coffee productivity, more efficient use of agricultural inputs, and improved crop quality, all of which have a direct impact on farmers’ income. Institutional and structural factors—access to technical training, membership of farmers’ cooperatives, availability of microcredit, and levels of formal education—were found to be the key predictors of accelerated GAP adoption amongst small-scale farmers. Furthermore, the implementation of GAP not only impacts the microeconomics of farming households but also contributes to broader rural socio-economic development through improved community welfare, strengthened local institutional capacity, diversification of income sources, and improvements to village infrastructure. These findings indicate a multiplier effect of sustainable agricultural practices on the dynamics of rural development. This study concludes that accelerating the adoption of GAP requires cross-sectoral collaboration between the government, non-governmental organisations, the private sector and farming communities in designing inclusive and sustainable policies to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia’s coffee sector.